论银行卡盗刷案件中银行赔偿责任的认定与分配——基于司法判决的类型化分析

On the Definition and Division of the Banks' Compensation Liabilities under the Cases of Fraudulent Payments with the Bank Cards——Based on the Classifying Analysis on the Judges

银行赔偿责任的认定与分配对于银行卡盗刷案件中持卡人权利的救济具有重要意义。银行赔偿责任的法理依据包括消费者权益保护以及违约责任的无过错归责原则,构成要件包括违约行为、损害结果、因果关系以及无免责事由。司法审判中应以类型化为原则,区分银行过错、持卡人过错、第三方过错、不可抗力等不同情形进而合理确定银行的赔偿比例。最高人民法院则应通过颁布司法解释和公布指导性案例等方法,加强认定与分配银行赔偿责任的合理性与一致性。

The definition and division of the banks compensation uaDnlnes are sogm;focamt to relief the cardholders＇ fights under the cases of fraudulent payments with the bank cards. The legal basis for the banks＇ liabilities to pay compensation include the protection of the fights and interests of consumers and no-fault imputation principles of liability for breach of contract, whose constitutive requirements include default behaviors, damages, causality and ground with no relief. The judgers should adapt to the way of classifying analysis to distinguish different reasons such as for the faults from banks, for the faults from cardholders, for the faults from the third parties, or for the force majeure so as to confirm the rate of the banks＇ compensation liabilities. Finally, the Supreme People＇s Court should make the judicial interpretations and publish guidance cases so as to improve the rationality and consistency of the judges.