华中某省农村妇女膳食中的镉暴露调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the dietary cadmium exposure of women from rural areas of a central province in China

目的调查分析华中某省农村重金属污染区域妇女膳食中的镉暴露水平。方法在华中某省16个农村重金属污染区域采集当地产的大米及其制品、叶菜类蔬菜、块根类蔬菜、瓜果类蔬菜、鲜豆类蔬菜、茄果类蔬菜、猪肉和鱼8类食物共384份样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食物中的镉含量;采用半定量食物频率问卷获得当地妇女这8类食物的消费量,比照镉的暂定每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI),初步评估当地妇女膳食中的镉暴露的安全性。结果 8类食物中,大米及其制品的镉的平均含量最高(86.784μg/kg),其次为茄果类蔬菜(64.060μg/kg),猪肉的镉平均含量最低(4.862μg/kg)。当地妇女镉的平均每月暴露量为22.394μg/kg BW,占PTMI的89.18%,膳食中的镉每月暴露量的P90为53.929μg/kg BW,占PTMI的224.27%。大米及其制品对膳食中的镉暴露量的贡献率最高(67.52%)。结论该省农村重金属污染区域妇女膳食中的镉暴露量处于较高水平,且有一定比例的个体镉暴露量超标,食物中大米及其制品对镉暴露的贡献率最高。

Objective To investigate and analyze the dietary cadmium exposure of women from heavy metals polluted rural areas of a central province in the central China,PR. Methods 8 local farmed food groups（ rice and its products,leafy vegetables,root vegetables,gourd vegetables,legume vegetables,solanaceous vegetables,pork and fishes） were collected from 16 heavy metals polluted rural areas. Cadmium concentration in the food were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption,and the consumption of the 8 local farmed food groups was evaluated by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The health risk was preliminary assessed by comparing the dietary cadmium exposure with provisional tolerable monthly intake（ PTMI）. Results Among the 8 food groups,the average cadmium concentration of rice and its products was the highest（ 86. 784 μg / kg）,followed by solanaceous vegetables（ 64. 060 μg / kg）. The average cadmium concentration of pork was 4. 862 μg / kg,which was the lowest. The average dietary cadmium exposure of local women per month was estimated to be 22. 394 μg / kg BW,accounted for 89. 57% of PTMI; the upper 90 th percentile of dietary cadmium exposure per month was estimated to be 53. 929 μg / kg BW,accounted for 222. 27% of PTMI. Rice and its products,as the main contributor,contributed 67. 52% of dietary cadmium exposure. Conclusion The dietary cadmium exposure of women from heavy metals polluted rural areas of one province of central China was at a relatively high level,and a part of the women＇s dietary cadmium exposure exceeded the PTMI. In addition,the dietary cadmium exposure contribution of rice and its products was the highest.