绿化废弃物好氧堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥作为蔬菜育苗基质研究

Compost and vermicompost from green wastes as substrates for vegetable seedlings cultivation

为减少泥炭的开采和提高绿化废弃物的再利用率,探讨绿化废弃物好氧堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥替代泥炭作为蔬菜育苗基质的可行性,将好氧堆肥、蚯蚓堆肥、泥炭按不同体积混配制成6种基质:对照(泥炭),T1(好氧堆肥),T2(蚯蚓堆肥),T3[V(好氧堆肥)∶V(泥炭)=1∶1],T4[V(蚯蚓堆肥)∶V(泥炭)=1∶1],T5[V(好氧堆肥)∶V(蚯蚓堆肥)∶V(泥炭)=1∶1∶1],采用完全随机设计,对3种不同耐盐性蔬菜甘蓝Brassica oleracea(高耐盐性)、莴苣Lactuca sativa(中耐盐性)、西葫芦Cucurbita pepo var.ovifera(低耐盐性)进行育苗试验,重复10次·处理-1,研究不同基质的理化性质及其对蔬菜幼苗生长影响,并采用隶属函数评价各基质配方的优劣。结果表明:T4处理基质的理化性质的各项指标均在无土栽培基质的理想范围,甘蓝、莴苣和西葫芦幼苗在其中的生长质量综合评价指数分别为0.52,0.52,0.54高于对照0.33,0.49,0.49,成本较对照降低了41.56%,可用作甘蓝、莴苣和西葫芦育苗代用基质。

To reduce the overuse of peat and to increase t he recycling rate of green wastes for vegetable seedling cultivation, the feasibility of using green waste compost and vermicompost to replace peat as a growth media was evaluated. Six media were prepared by mixing green waste compost and vermicompost with peat at different rates by volume including ck(peat), T1(compost), T2(vermicompost), T3(compost + peat at 1∶1 V/V), T4(vermicompost + peat at 1∶1 V/V), T5(compost + vermicompost + peat at 1∶1∶1 V/V). Thereafter, three vegetable species with different salt tolerance: cabbage(most salt tolerance), lettuce(moderate salt tolerance),and zucchini(less salt tolerance) were germinated and grown in the six media. The physical and chemical properties of the different growing media were determined, and the growth of seedlings was also measured. The analysis method of subordinate function was used to evaluate the pros and cons of different growing media. All treatments were replicated ten times, in a completely randomized design. Results indicated that the physical and chemical properties of T4 were all within adequate range for use as a containerized substrate in horticulture. The comprehensive evaluation index for seedlings of T4 versus the control were higher with T4: cabbage(0.52 and 0.33), lettuce(0.52 and 0.49), and zucchini(0.54 and 0.49). Additionally, the cost with T4was41.56% less. Therefore, this treatment could be used successfully as a medium replacing peat for production of cabbage, lettuce, and zucchini seedlings.