7[1]Beaver,W. H. ,and MeNiehols,M. F.. The Characteristics and Valuation of Loss Reserves of Property Casualty Insurers [J]. Revivew of Accounting Studies, 1998, (3): 73-95.
8[2]Burgstahler D. ,and Dichev, I.. Earnings Management to Avoid Earnings Decreases and Losses[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 1997,24(1) : 99-126.
9[3]Chen, K. and H. Yuan. Earnings Management and Capital Resource Allocation: Evidence from China's Accounting-based Regulation of Rights Issues[R]. Working Paper, Hong Gong University of Seience and Technology, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 2001.
10[4]Collins, D. , Hribar, P.. Errors in Estimating Accruals:Implications for Empirical Research[R]. Working Paper, University of Iowa,2000.