以双子表面活性剂为模板剂的纳米氧化锌的制备

Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxides by Using Gemini Surfactant as Template

以六水合硝酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,双子表面活性剂1,4-正丁烷双(二甲基十六烷基溴化铵)为模板剂,采用直接沉淀法和水热合成法制备了纳米氧化锌.通过X射线衍射法和扫描电子显微镜分别对氧化锌的晶体结构和形貌进行了研究.结果表明,直接沉淀法和水热法所得纳米氧化锌的结构均为纤锌矿结构,但双子表面活性剂的加入、溶剂组成以及体系碱性变化都会对纳米氧化锌的形貌产生影响.以双子表面活性剂为模板时,直接沉淀法得到的纳米氧化锌为片状花瓣,而水热合成法得到的纳米氧化锌为针状花瓣.在水热合成法中,以双子表面活性剂为模板剂,随着体系中乙醇浓度的增加,花状氧化锌变为球状,而随着体系碱性的增强,针状纳米氧化锌被腐蚀,针状花瓣数目减少.

Nano zinc oxides were prepared by direct precipitation method and hydrothermal synthesis method with zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide as the principal raw materials,gemini surfactant 1,4-n-butane bis（dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium bromide）as the template. The crystal structure and morphology of zinc oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy,respectively. The results show that the wurtzite structural nano zinc oxides are obtained by both the two methods. The addition of gemini surfactant,the composition of the solvent and the alkalinity of the system have effects on the morphology of nano zinc oxides. Using gemini surfactant as the template,flaky and needly petals oxides were obtained by using direct precipitation and hydrothermal method,respectively. However,the morphology of zinc oxides change from flower-like to globular as the concentration of alcohol solution increasing by using gemini surfactant in the hydrothermal method,and the needle- shape zinc oxides are corroded and the number of the needly petals decreases with the enhancement of the system alkalinity.