我国“985工程”的运行机制与投入成效分析:基于国际比较与实证研究的视角

The Analyses of Operating Mechanism and Efficiency for "Project 985":Based on the Perspective of International Comparison and Empirical Study

过去十年,创建世界一流大学已成为全球高等教育变革的核心概念之一。这不仅意味着高等教育教学科研质量的提高,更重要的是,高等院校通过高深知识的习得、调适和创新,逐渐提升了在全球高等教育市场中的竞争力。在我国,继"985工程"之后,政府提出了统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设的新一轮改革计划。在此背景之下,反思与分析"985工程"的运行机制与投入成效,成为科学设计新一轮改革的重要保障。鉴于此,本研究首先基于国际比较的视角,通过与相关国家和地区类似的改革方案进行比较,考察我国"985工程"运行机制的特征。在此基础上,利用1998-2008年我国研究型大学的相关数据,采用面板数据分析等方法,分析"985工程"对项目高校学术产出的影响效应。研究发现,"985工程"对项目高校的论文产出具有显著的增量效应,且对不同学科领域的影响呈现差异化;其影响机制除考虑显性的财政支持外,还需留意隐性支持(组织声誉、学术声望)带来学术科研生产率的提高。

In the past decade, the term world-class universlty has become a catch phrase not simply tor improving the quality of learning and research in higher education but, more importantly, for developing the capacity to compete in the global higher education marketplace through the acquisition, adaptation and creation of advanced knowledge. Following the Project 985, the Chinese government plans to build a series of world-class universities and disciplines, according to a State Council document released on Nov 5, 2015. Under this circumstance, evaluating and analyzing the operating mechanism and investment effect of the Project 985 can help to promote the new reform of higher education. Firstly, this study aims to identify the characteristics of Project 985 by comparison with similar policies in other countries and regions. Furthermore, panel data analysis and other methods were employed to analyze a panel data set on a group of research universities in China from 1998 to 2008. The major findings are summarized as follows： the Project 985 improved the academic publications of universities and had a differential effect on disciplines. There were both dominant reputation） supports in the influence mechanism of （finance） and recessive （i.e. organizational reputation, academic Project 985 which improved the academic productivity.