大势所趋--医疗设施设计引入“开放建筑”理念

A NEW IMPERATIVE: OPEN BUILDING IN HEALTHCARE FACILITY DESIGN

由于器材升级、医疗实践改革、人员变更和医疗技术更新等问题,医疗设施的建设从来不曾真正结束。而更重要的是,在项目开始阶段的规划、设计和建造与多年之后已改变的项目情况难以契合。为了使建筑做到可持续,业主需要知道如何制订能应对变化中的需求的任务书以确保建筑具有可变的能力,就像电气等基础设施系统中将部件根据使用年限分类,以确保不会因为使用寿命预期较短的部件更替导致更高级别的系统强制关闭或者损害这样的办法。这就需要我们从传统的决策制订方式转型到能同时适应建筑"文化"和设计手法变化的新型决策制订方式上去。

Healthcare facilities are never finished, due largely to changing requirements, medical practices, demographics and medical technology. Further, those responsible for their initial planning, design and construction are not the same as those who, years later, will manage their change. To be sustainable, clients need to learn how to demand healthcare facilities with the capacity to adapt to such changing requirements, just as infrastructure systems such as electric utilities are organized： parts with a long utility value are clearly separated from parts that change more quickly, enabling those more quickly changing parts to be replaced or changed without shutting down or downgrading the higher-level parts of the system. This requires a change in conventional decision-making, which constitutes both a change in ＂culture＂ and a change in design methods.