命运共同体意识与现代国家认同——多民族国家如何塑造、巩固和强化现代国家认同

Consciousness of Destiny Community and Modern National Identity:How does Multi-Ethnical Country Shape,Consolidate and Force Modern National Identity

共同体是指那种经历持久共同生活、具有传统的自然感情、紧密相连的人群通过密切交往形成的有机集合体。共同体天然排斥隔阂,共同体的价值在于它不仅能有效化解区隔,还能为内部民族有效建构国家认同提供动力。国家认同的实质是建构民族的共同体意识,使领土内的所有民族都产生归属于政治共同体的心理感觉。共同体意识包括基于历史的相互承认和基于主观感觉的紧密联系性等两个层面。在多民族国家内部族群间倡导以包容、团结和发展为特征的命运共同体意识,不失为一种消除族群隔阂和族群疏离现象、化解竞争性民族主义和次生民族国家建构认同性危机的重要策略。以命运共同体建构现代国家认同,既要超越多元主义认同建构策略只重视包容和多元价值的局限,又要克服超民族认同策略中"轻理解、重共识"的一体化认识偏差。命运共同体意识不仅倡导基于平等和理解的包容性承认,更应体现基于一体化团结和发展的紧密联系性价值追求。"多元一体化"是以命运共同体意识建构现代国家认同的基本原则,多元不仅包括国家应认真对待个体的权利多元性的利益诉求,更应包括对内部族群的多元文化权利给予合理而充分的回应;一体化是要在尊重族群差异的基础上,通过族群间交流和融合使多元认同在理解的基础上达成交叉性价值共识,进而呈现出明显的国族特性。

Community presumably refers to the specific interaction-based organic combination among humans,which featured as perennially collective livings,natural emotions descended from traditions and close relations.Apart from resolving tensions or disputes among people effectively,community also irreplaceably has ethnics motivated in dedication to national building. It is the essence of national identity to build consciousness of the national community,leaving all ethnics located in state territory attached to the specific sense of political belonging. The consciousness of community consists of two aspects namely as mutual recognition and tight relations which is based on history and subjective feelings respectively. It is broadly affirmed that encouraging inclusive,united and developmental consciousness of community really works when it is used to resolve ethnical disharmony and segregation,moreover it could solve combative nationalism including kinds of identity crisis by sub-nationalities. Ultimately,it quite matters not only be confined to fragmented values and diversity owned by different ethnics passively,but also could adjust a bunch of deviations and improper tendencies among ethnical policies which appear to be either conformity- centered or neglecting necessary tolerances in the process of modern national identity building forged by disclosures of community of destiny. In fact,the ideas derived from community of destiny should take it more seriously to pursue related values which basically stem from integrative unity and development,more than initiating inclusive commitment mainly from equality and moral empathy. It is the basic principle of insights under community of destiny that'multi-ethnics integration'is helpful when in the process of modern national identity. It indicates nation-state should not merely take seriously the diversity of interests driven by individual's rights,but for further steps,figure out whether could be able to give rational and sufficient responses to multicultural rights inside any ethnic. So,the way integration proceeds should rely on communications and integration among ethnics and lead multi-identities to reach for value consensus considerately,which is inevitably on the basis of respecting ethnical differences,thus,raising prominent characteristics of the nationality in conclusion.