高压挤压技术预处理分离城市混合生活垃圾的研究

SEPARATION OF MIXED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BY HIGH PRESSURE EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY

采用自主设计的高压挤压小试装置,将城市混合生活垃圾分为干、湿两种组分。分析其性质表明:在20 MPa和40 MPa挤压压力下,干组分含水率低于30%,热值从2 778 k J/kg分别提升至14 503,11 659 k J/kg。湿组分性质与混合垃圾中的厨余组分相近,易腐成分含量高,可采用厌氧消化处理回收生物质能。采用高压挤压技术作为预处理手段,垃圾能源最大可回收量达5 340 k J/kg,相对直接焚烧提高近90%。高压挤压技术作为预处理手段,可有效提升城市混合生活垃圾的处理效率和能源回收效率。

Mixed municipal solid waste（ MSW） was separated by a lab-scale high pressure extrusion device into two parts： the wet material and the dry material. Results showed that under pressures of 20 MPa and 40 MPa,the dry material has very low moisture contents（ less than 30%）,with its low heat value（ LHV） increased from 2 778 kJ/kg to 13 539 kJ/kg and11 659 kJ/kg,respectively. The wet material was found easy to be biodegraded,with similar properties with the kitchen waste component of the mixed MSW. It＇s calculated that,with the high pressure extrusion technology as the pre-treatment,the maximum energy recovery from the mixed MSW can be 5 340 kJ/kg,about 90% higher than that of the direct incineration.The high pressure extrusion technology was proved to be an ideal pretreatment method,which can effectively improve both waste treatment efficiency and energy recovery rate.