不同柑橘砧木对砂糖橘果实品质的影响

Effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality of ‘Shatangju' mandarin

砂糖橘是广东乃至华南地区栽培面积最大的柑橘品种,筛选合适的砧木对提高砂糖橘的产量、果实品质等园艺性状有重要意义。分别以粗柠檬、枸头橙、红?檬、枳橙、酸橘、香橙、枳壳、砂糖橘(本砧)8种柑橘砧木嫁接砂糖橘,研究不同砧木对砂糖橘果实内在和外在品质的影响。结果表明:与其他砧木相比,以枳橙为砧木的砂糖橘果面粗糙,果顶放射沟纹明显,果实亮度低;以香橙为砧木的果面较光滑,果皮较厚,果实红色度指标较亮,果实偏向圆形,果肉硬度显著大于其他砧的砂糖橘果肉硬度,中等糖酸型,但产量低;以枳壳为砧木的砂糖橘果皮色泽较亮,果皮较粗糙,果实纵横径、果肉汁胞、可滴定酸、单果重显著小于其他砧果实,可溶性糖和固酸比显著高于其他砧果实,单果轻,单株高产。说明枳砧的柑橘果实品质优于其他砧,可考虑作为广东省砂糖橘主产区的合适砧木。

‘Shatangju＇ （ Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju ） mandarin is main citrus cultivar with the largest cultivated area in Guangdong province, China. Rootstock has a central position in citrus cultivation, and screening suitable rootstock is very important for increasing fruit quantity and yield. To obtain insight into fruit quality difference, we performed a comparative analysis of ‘Shatangju＇ mandarin grafted onto 8 rootstocks： ‘Goutou＇ orange （ C. aurantium L. ） , Fragrant orange （ C. junons Sieb. ex. Tanaka ） , Sunki mandarin （ C. reticulata Blanco ） , Citrange （ Poncirus trifoliata （ L. ） Raf × C. sinensis Osb ） , ‘Shatangju＇ mandarin, Trifoliate orange [ P. trifoliate （ L. ） Raf], Rough lemon （ C. jambhiri Lush ） and Canton lemon （ C. limonia Osbeck ） . The results showed that, compared with other rootstocks, Citrange had more rough peel, lower peel brightness and more significant grooves of fruit apex. The peel from fragrant orange was the smoothest and thickest, and had the highest red degree value than other rootstocks. Fragrant orange had more round fruit shape and the lowest yield, pulp with medium sugar and acid had significantly higher firmness than the others. The fruit vertical and horizontal diameter, vesicle size and length, titratable acidity, fruit weight from trifoliate orange were significantly smaller than the other rootstocks. But trifoliate orange with more rough and brighter peel had the most highest yield per plant than other rootstocks. These results indicated that trifoliate orange performed better compared to other rootstocks, and was the suitable rootstock for ＇Shatangju＇ mandarin in Guangdong province, China.