风沙流及建筑物风沙荷载的研究进展与展望

State of the progress and prospect of research on wind-sand flow and wind-sand load of buildings

我国西、北部地区风沙对建筑物侵袭严重,其作用效应大于净风荷载作用。但我国对于建筑物抗风沙设计理论及设计方法的研究相对较少,开展对风沙流及建筑物风沙荷载研究具有重要的理论与工程意义。简要回顾了风沙流的研究历史,概述了国内外对输沙通量垂线分布、输沙率模型、临界起沙风速、风速轮廓线规律和风沙两相流模型等物理参数模型以及建筑物风沙荷载的研究进展;总结了目前风沙两相流和建筑物风沙荷载研究中存在的问题;最后,提出了综合应用风沙现场实测、风沙风洞试验和数值模拟方法开展建筑物风沙荷载和风沙流场研究的发展展望。

Buildings are attacked seriously by wind-sand flow in western and northern China, whose effects of ac- tions are greater than that of wind loads. As it is lesser that study on wind-sand resistance design theory and design method of buildings in our country, the research on wind-sand flow and wind-sand load of buildings has important theoretical and engineering significance. This paper briefly reviews the study history of wind-sand flow, and sum- marizes the research progress of physical parameters models, such as the distribution of sediment transport capacity along height, models of sand transport rate, critical sand-raising wind velocity, wind profile, wind-sand two phase flow models and wind-sand loads of buildings at home and abroad. Then, it summarizes the current problems exist- ing in the research on wind-sand two phase flow and wind-sand loads of buildings. Finally, this paper proposes the development prospect of integrated application of wind-sand field measurement, wind tunnel test and numerical sim- ulation method for the research on building wind-sand load and wind-sand flow.