冀南醮仪中“功”的逻辑与实践——兼论民俗语汇作为民俗学研究的一种可能路径

The Logic and Practice of Merit(gong)in the Jiao Festival in Southern Hebei Province:Concurrently on Folklore vocabulary as a Possible Approach to Folklore Research

中国民众对自身行为的认知向来是自成体系的,历经长期生活实践形成一套本土概念体系即民俗语汇来表述自己的意义世界。民俗语汇是一种约定俗成的话语体系和地方性知识,能够直接传达民众对自身行为的解释,暗含着民众对民俗活动意义的理解,成为进入民众内心世界的一条捷径。冀南"打醮"活动是理解民俗语汇极好的田野案例,在当地人话语体系中"功"是具有普适性意义且使用频率极高的民俗语汇,以"功"为研究对象,从历史传统与当下实践两个维度解读其语义体系和应用逻辑,进而从一个微观的视角探讨中国社会礼俗互动的运作机制,并以此验证民俗语汇作为一种分析路径的可行性。

Chinese people have a systematic recognition about their behaviors,and have a set of indigenous conceptual system shaped in the long process of living practices to express their meaning world.Folklore vocabulary is a kind of conventional language system and local knowledge,which could transmit people's interpretation about their behavior and imply people's understanding about the meaning of folklore activities.Therefore,it is a shortcut to enter local people's inner world.This paper takes the Jiao Festival in Southern Hebei Province as a research case,and takes the indigenous word gong,a common word frequently used in the local people's word system,as a research object,to interpret the word's semantic system and application logic from both dimensions of historical tradition and present practice,and then to explore the operation mechanism of custom interaction in Chinese society with the purpose of verifying the feasibility of taking folk vocabulary as an analytical approach.