反不正当竞争法一般条款的体系化功能——德国2015年《反不正当竞争法》改革对中国修法的启示

Systematic Function of General Clause of Unfair Competition Law——Inspiration of the 2015 German Reform for Chinese Revision

一般条款是成文反不正当竞争法的灵魂。一般条款在上游连接起立法目的,在下游连接起法律责任,从而支撑起整部反不正当竞争法的规范适用体系。因此,一般条款的调整是反不正当竞争法改革的关键。德国2015年新《反不正当竞争法》表面上对一般条款进行了精简,实际上却通过其拆分,树立了消费者保护和竞争者保护的内部二元体系。而我国《反不正当竞争法》修订草案送审稿对一般条款的修改止于不正当竞争定义的补充,一般条款系统化功能不足的问题没有得到解决,还有待于下一步的彻底改革。

The general clause is the soul of codified unfair competition law. On one hand, the general clause joins the legislative objectif; on the other hand, it combines the legal liability. Thus, the general clause supports the whole system of unfair competition law. The modification of general clause is the key point of unfair competition law reform. The general clause of German Act Against Unfair Competition is apparently reduced in the reform of 2015, but establishes in fact a bifurcating system of competitor protection and consumer protection by its split. In contrast, the Draft Amendment of Chinese AntiUnfair Competition Law is limited to the completion of definition of unfair competition, but the problem of inefficiency in the systematic function of the general clause is not solved. A more profound reform is awaited.