农地产权对劳动力迁移模式的影响机理及实证检验

Mechanism and Empirical Test of Farmland Property Rights on Labor Migration Pattern

研究目的:像大多数发展中国家一样,中国的城市化也经历了大量农村劳动力向城市迁移的过程。与其他发展中国家不同,中国的外出农民工往返于城乡之间,表现出非永久性迁移特征。本文旨在揭示这种非永久性迁移特征与中国特殊的农地制度安排的内在联系机制。研究方法:通过数值模拟和统计检验,分析农地资产安全性、农地资产变现能力对劳动力迁移模式的影响。研究结果:(1)中国农地归集体所有,承包土地周期性的可能被重新分配,外出务工能导致农民失地,于是农地产权的安全性影响劳动力迁移决策;(2)农地资产的变现能力差影响迁移农户在城镇的安家置业能力,也对劳动力迁移模式产生不可估量的影响。研究结论:当前,要大力推进农地确权工作,让不能移动的土地借力农地流转方式金融创新流动起来,实现劳动力永久性迁移和城乡统筹发展。

As most other developing countries, China＇s urbanization experiences the huge migration outflows from rural areas. The most striking characteristic is that China＇s rural migrants keep going back and forth between original villages and destination areas, which displays a non-permanent feature. The purpose of this paper is to reveal how this temporary feature of migration can be interlinked with China＇ s special farmland property arrangement. Methods employed include numerical simulation and statistical test to analyze how security and liquidity of farmland asset affect the pattern of out- migration. The results show that： 1 ）As village land ownership remains collective and land use right can be periodically reallocated, individual out-migration can result in deprivation of these fights. So the security of land property rights affects the decision of out-migration; 2）Meanwhile the poor ：mobility of farmland assets reduces migrants＇ settlement capacity in the town, which also has an immeasurable effect on out-migration model. The paper concludes that government should promote farmland rights registration, should enable the fixed land to flow by financial innovation of land transfer means so as to realize the permanent migration and urban-rural integrated development.