广西少数民族地区农村老年人社会支持状况及影响因素

Investigation and determinants on social support status of the rural elderly in Guangxi minority areas

目的探讨广西壮族、瑶族、苗族、侗族、京族、回族、仫佬族、毛南族和水族9个少数民族和汉族农村老年人社会支持现状及其影响因素。方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行横断面入户调查。结果调查对象社会支持总分为(30.74±7.04)分;不同民族老年人社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持及对支持的利用得分差异显著(P<0.05);被试者社会支持的主要来源为配偶、子女、兄弟姐妹等;多元逐步回归分析提示,年龄、文化程度、宗教信仰、人均年收入、住房类型、慢性病情况、住院情况等变量对广西少数民族农村老年人社会支持有显著影响。结论广西不同少数民族地区农村老年人的社会支持状况存在不同,且表现为不同民族具有不同社会支持维度的特征,应引起社会的关注。

Objective To investigate social support status of Zhuang, Yao, Miao, DongMulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Shui minority and the Han nationality in Guangxi rural elderly. Methods A total of 7 083 elderly person aged above 60 years in rural areas of Guangxi were investigated, A cross-sectional survey was conducted by Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）. Results The total scores of social sup- port were（30.74±7.04）, The scores of objective support subscale, subjective support subscale, utility degree of social support subscale and the total scores of social support in the aged from different minority remained statically significant （ all P〈0.005 ）. Children and spouses were the most important source of social support for the rural elderly followed by sibilings. The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age ,educational status, religions, per capita income, housing type, chronic disease situation and hospitalization situation had significant effects on social support for the seniors in Guangxi minority areas. Conclusions The status of Social Support Rating Scale are different in the rural elderly among different minority in Guangxi, as well as different factors among different nationalities with different social support status, which should be paid attention.