认知心理学:困境及其变革

Cognitive Psychology: Predicament and Transformation

认知心理学是当代心理学领域的主流思潮。以行为主义心理学面临困境为契机,在信息论、计算机和语言学等多学科因素综合作用的基础上,认知心理学得以建立。建立伊始,认知心理学以符号主义取向为主导。随着认知心理学的发展,符号主义由于其自身局限,面临诸多质疑和问题。随后,以并行分布式处理为核心的联结主义取向开始兴起,试图替代符号主义取向。然而,不论是符号主义,还是联结主义,都不能真正地揭示人类认知的本质。因而,具身认知范式出现,试图开始进行第二次认知革命。

Cognitive psychology is the mainstream ideological trend in the field of contemporary psychology. With the opportunity of behaviorism in predicament, cognitive psychology was established based on the synthetic actions of multiple subjects such as information theory, computer science and linguistics. Symbolism was dominant at the beginning of cognitive psychology, but with the development of cognitive psychology, symbolism was faced with many problems due to its own limitations. Subsequently, connectionism,whose core was parallel distributed processing, appeared and tried to replace symbolism. However, neither symbolism nor connectionism can really reveal the nature of human cognition. Thus, the appearance of embodied cognition attempted to initiate a second cognitive revolution.