中国现代文学思潮研究的史料文献学方法与原则——以《“人的文学”:“五四”现代人道主义与新文学的发生》为例

The Methods and Principles of the Science of Historical Data and Philology in the Study of Modern Chinese Literary Trends——Tak“eHuman Literature”:Modern Humanitarian of May 4th and the Occurrence of Modern Chinese Literature as an Example

现代文学史料文献学尚在建构中,文章围绕具体研究实践,系统思考现代文学思潮研究的史料工作方法与原则。关于史料文献学方法,确立以实证为基础的思潮研究方法,突出史料考辨工作对于思潮研究的关键作用,要求将对史料完整的收集整理与完善的考据辨证紧密结合,以考据的精密化保障研究的准确度。强调还原历史现场所使用的理论系统作为解析历史文本首选理论工具。关于史料工作原则,明确"史料工作何为",指出对历史的还原、阐释活动与史料工作是历史研究行为的一体之两面,并归结出现代文学史料文献学基本准则:史料需经专业化考据辨证方可使用、严守文献学工作程序、在大历史中定位史料、注重文学外部研究史料、关注现代文学史料的专属问题。

The science of historical data and philology of modem Chinese literature is still under construction. On the specific research practice, this article makes a systematic thinking for the working methods and principles of the historical materials in modern Chinese literary trends. Concerning the methods of the science of historical data and philology, to establish the research methods based on the empirical study and highlight the key role of the textual research on historical data in the ideological trend research, it is required to combine a complete collection of historical data with the perfect textual criticism of historical materials so as to ensure the accuracy of the study by precise textual criticism. This paper points out that the theoretical system used to restore the historical site should be the pre- ferred theoretical tool in analyzing historical texts. On the principles of the study on historical data, it defines the purpose of this study, demonstrates that the restoration and interpretation of history and the study on historical data are the two sides of the historical research, and thus concludes the basic prin- ciples of the science of historical data and philology of modem Chinese literature as follows：the histor- ical materials can be used only after the specialized research;the working procedures of the philology should be strictly observed;historical data should be positioned in the macro-history; historical data of the external literary research should be highlighted; attention to the exclusive issues on the historical materials of modern Chinese literature should be paid.