饲料中添加两种蛋白水解物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性能及肠道组织学结构的影响

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Two Protein Hydrolysates on Growth Performance and Intestinal Histological Structure of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)

本研究共配制了3种等氮等脂的实验饲料,其中,对照组饲料使用15%鱼粉提供部分饲料蛋白,2个实验组饲料分别用鱼水解蛋白和鸡水解蛋白替代了饲料中10%的鱼粉蛋白。对初始体重为4.16 g左右的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼进行了为期12周的投喂,研究了其对大菱鲆生长性能及肠道组织学结构的影响。结果显示,鱼水解蛋白组(PHf)的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白效率比和蛋白质沉积率较对照组(FM)无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于鸡水解蛋白组(PHc)(P<0.05);3组实验鱼的摄食率无显著差异(P>0.05);PHf和PHc组的鱼体蛋白含量显著高于FM组(P<0.05),3组实验鱼的脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。PHf和PHc组的鱼体肌肉必需氨基酸含量显著高于FM组(P<0.05)。PHf和PHc组的前肠和中肠黏膜皱襞高度大于FM组,且PHf组较FM组差异显著(P<0.05);3组实验鱼的前肠和中肠上皮细胞的高度无显著差异(P>0.05);FM组前肠和中肠的肠壁厚度大于其他2组,且显著大于PHf组(P<0.05)。大菱鲆饲料中使用鱼水解蛋白替代部分鱼粉蛋白在生长性能及肠道组织学结构方面要优于使用鸡水解蛋白。

This experiment used laboratory-made fish protein hydrolysates （PHf） and the commercial chicken protein hydrolysate （PHc） to replace 10% total fish meal protein and designed three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets： the control group （FM）, PHf group （fish protein hydrolysate） and PHc group （chicken protein hydrolysate）. Juvenile turbot （Scophthalmus maximus L.） （4.16±0.01 g） were fed with these three diets for 12 weeks to investigate the effects of different protein hydrolysates on the growth performance and intestinal structure of juvenile turbot. Results of this study showed that the specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention in FM group and PHf group had no significant difference （P〉0.05）, but both the two groups were significantly higher than the PHc group （P〈0.05）; there was no significant difference in feeding rate in the three groups （P〉0.05）. PHf and PHc had higher crude protein than FM （P〈0.05）, while had no significant difference in crude lipid （P〉0.05）. PHf and PHc had higher essential amino acid content than FM （P〈0.05）. The plica height in foregut and midgut of PHf and PHc were higher than FM, and PHf had significant difference with FM （P〈0.05）, while the intestinal wall thickness of FM was higher than the other two groups, and significantly higher than PHf （P〈0.05）; there was no significant difference in foregut and midgut enterocytes height of the experimental groups （P〉0.05）. These results indicated that the growth response and feed utilization of PHf was superior to PHc, which suggesting that replaced fish meal by fish protein hydrolysates in high plant protein diets had some advantage over chicken protein hydrolysates.