参与就是能力——“ICAP学习方式分类学”研究述要与价值分析

Engagement Means Competence:A Summary of the Research and Value of “The ICAP Framework”

学习方式分类学是一种带有行为特征的认知参与理论,其对认知参与活动提出了具体、操作性的界定,以便能够运用于各种不同的学习环境。依据学习者的外显活动或者参与程度,它将不同的知识变化过程和学习结果,分成四种相应的学习方式。交互方式、建构方式、主动方式与被动方式对学习活动的有效程度依次递减,这表明参与度越高,学习能力就越能够得到增强。学习方式分类学的猜想在不同学习活动、不同学科领域和不同年龄学生的实证研究中得到支持,是一种综合性教学理论,对改进教育实践十分有益。

The ICAP Framework, as a learning modes taxonomy, is a cognitive engagement theory with behav- ioral characteristics, which defines the specific operational engagement of the cognitive activities so as to be applied in various learning situations. Based on learners ＇ differentiated overt learning behaviors and the students＇ overt engagement, the learning modes in the ICAP Framework can be categorized and differentiated into four modes： Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive corresponding to a different set of knowledge-changeing processes and the learning outcomes. Interactive mode is generally more effective than constructive mode, which in turn is better than active mode. All three modes are better than passive modes in promoting students＇ learning （ I 〉 C 〉 A 〉 P）, which means the more the students become engaged with the learning materials, the greater the ability they have to learn. The empirical evidence for the ICAP hypothesis is provided from a wide variety of learning activities for the students of different ages and in different disciplines. ICAP Framework is a comprehensive teaching theory which is beneficial to improving education practice.