植物内整流K^＋通道AKT1的研究进展

Study advances of plant inward rectifying K^+ channel AKT1

K^+是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素。内整流K^+通道(Arabidopsis K^+transporter 1,AKT1)属于Shaker家族,是介导K^+吸收的重要通道,为质膜的K^+感应器,参与调节细胞的生长发育、调控气孔运动及植物蒸腾作用,能够提高植株的抗旱耐盐性,因而在植物生长过程中具有重要作用。该文概述了AKT1的结构、组织表达定位和表达调控及功能等方面的研究进展,并提出采用蛋白组学、基因工程技术及RNAi手段深入研究K^+、Na^+吸收及转运的协同调控机制,提高作物对土壤中K^+的利用效率及AKT1在植物生理代谢、抗逆性中的作用。

Potassium（K^＋）is one of the major nutrients,essential for plant growth and development.Inward rectifying K^＋ channel AKT1 belongs to Shaker-type K^＋ channels,and a K^＋ sensor in the plasma membrane has been shown to play an important role in mediating K^＋ uptake.AKT1 is also essential for normal growth and development,stomatal action and transpiration,and improving the drought and salt tolerance of plants.In this review,we consider recent advances in molecular structure,localization,expression,regulation and function of AKT1.Finally,research directions for the future are proposed,including the use of proteomics,gene engineering technology,and posttranscriptional gene silencing,in order to further investigate the role of AKT1 in plant physiological metabolism.