基于橡皮筋势能下降策略的圆形件排样算法

Nesting Algorithm for Circular Blanks Based on Rubber Band Potential Energy Descending

合理排样是钣金制品下料过程提高材料利用率降低企业生产成本的重要途径之一,针对圆形钣金制件的排样优化问题,提出一种基于橡皮筋势能下降策略的拟物理过程快速排样算法(RPED)。通过建立圆排样问题的数学优化模型,在理想化条件下制定橡皮筋势能下降排样策略,并对排样过程进行物理学受力分析和运动分析,提出基于时间节拍的排样过程离散模拟方法,最后结合精英保留遗传算法对排样模型的初始布局进行优化,进一步提高算法的全局搜索能力。计算机实验结果表明,RPED算法的平均板材利用率较企业实际生产排样高1.1%,而对国际通用算例RPED算法的平均板材利用率较RBLP和ASA算法高0.68%和0.19%。RPED排样优化算法可获得更高的平均板材利用率。

Optimal nesting is one effective method to reduce manufacturing cost by improving material utilization. To settle the nesting problem of circular blanks, a quick physical nesting algorithm based on rubber band potential energy descending （RPED） was proposed. Firstly, the mathematical optimal model of circular blanks nesting was constructed. Basic procedure of RPED strategy based on some ideal conditions was presented here. Secondly, force analysis and motion analysis were described in detail And the nesting simulation method in discrete time step was proposed. Finally, genetic algorithm was merged with RPED strategy to enable this hybrid version to get the best global solution. Several typical computer instances were carried out. And consequences showed that the average material utilization increased by 1.1% in engineering practice and by 0.68%/0.19% in other five international standard examples compared with other algorithms. The nesting algorithm proposed in this paper performs more effectively with a high average material utilization.