不同授粉方法对设施番茄果实生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Pollination Ways on Growth and Development of Tomato in Greenhouse

为探讨不同的授粉方法对设施番茄坐果率、单果质量和品质的影响,在番茄开花期分别采用自然授粉法、激素处理法、蜜蜂授粉法、机械振荡授粉法和熊蜂授粉法等5种方法进行授粉处理,测定了番茄坐果率、结果数量、单果质量、畸形果率和品质性状,比较不同授粉方式下番茄果实生长发育的差异,以期为设施番茄生产者选择适宜的授粉方法提供参考依据。结果表明:在同一穗位不同授粉方法对各穗坐果率均有显著影响,熊蜂授粉、蜜蜂授粉、机械振荡授粉和激素处理4种方法分别比自然授粉的坐果率提高25.46%、23.18%、19.62%和11.42%。不同辅助授粉方法能够有效增加番茄结果数量,各果穗上的表现为熊蜂授粉法>蜜蜂授粉法>机械振荡法>激素处理法>CK。熊蜂授粉番茄4~5穗果后期平均单果质量比其它处理及对照提高5.9%~11.8%,而且4种授粉方法番茄1~5穗果的畸形果率比自然授粉法降低9.14~47.00个百分点。各授粉方法的综合效果为熊蜂授粉法>机械振荡授粉法>蜜蜂授粉法>激素处理法>自然授粉法。为使设施番茄栽培达到优质高效的目的,并降低成本投入,推荐使用熊蜂授粉法。

To explore the effect of different pollination methods on fruit-setting，single fruit weight and quality of tomato fruit,and provide reference for pollination methods of tomato in greenhouse.The rate of fruit-setting，the number of fruit，single fruit weight and the rate of malformed fruit were measured and the difference of fruit growth were compared under five pollination methods of natural pollination，hormone treatment，bee pollination，mechanical oscillation pollination and bumblebees pollination.The results showed that different pollination methods had a significant impact in the same ear fruit rate.Bumblebee pollination，bee pollination，mechanical oscillation pollination and hormone treatment increased fruit rate by 25.46%，23.18%，19.62% and 23.18%，respectively，compared with the natural pollination.Different pollination methods could effectively increase the quantity of tomato.Each ear of performance for the bumblebees pollination method 〉 bees pollination method 〉 mechanical oscillation method 〉 hormone treatment 〉 CK.Bumblebee pollination method increased single fruit weight of the late stage of 4-5 ear fruit of tomato by 5.9%-11.8% compeard with other treatments and CK，four treatments reduced mean deformity fruit of 1—5 ear fruit of tomato by 9.14—47.00 percentage point compeard with CK.The method of comprehensive effect of bumblebee pollination 〉 mechanical oscillation pollination 〉 bees pollination 〉 hormone treatment 〉 natural pollination.To make tomato cultivation to achieve the purpose of high quality facilities and reduce production costs，it was recommended to use bumblebees pollination method.