自然垄断中的市场势力:对电力产业“厂网分开”的分析

Market Power in Natural Monopoly Industry: An Analysis Based on Separation of Plant and Network in Electric Power Industry

基于1998年到2007年中国工业企业数据库中发电企业的面板数据,运用ACF法估计了企业的生产函数并以此测算了不同类型发电企业的市场势力。在此基础上,采用倍差法分析了"厂网分开"对不同类型发电企业市场势力产生的影响及内在机制。研究发现,"厂网分开"的改革虽然在发电侧建立了"可竞争"的市场结构,但"上游竞争、下游垄断"的纵向关系,使隶属于垄断电网公司的地方发电企业的市场势力得到了进一步加强,价格加成增加1.04%到1.11%。地方发电企业的市场势力和垄断电网对独立发电企业实施接入价格歧视以及全要素生产率的高低有关。电力产业下一步的改革应该以建立有效的电力市场为目标,深化"纵向拆分"的改革路径,有序地实现"输配售"分离,降低下游部门的垄断势力。另外,一个独立、专业的规制机构对提升中国电力产业的市场绩效也十分重要。行业实行监管,对提升产业的绩效也十分重要。

Based on the production function of plants panel data of Chinese power by ACF method and markup plants from 1998 to 2007, of different types of power this paper estimated the plants. The study found that the reform of ＂separations of plant and network＂, under the vertical structure of ＂upstream competition, downstream monopoly＂, increased local power plants＇ markup about 1.04% to 1.11%. Higher markup comes from the implementation of access price discrimination and higher TFP than independent power plants. The next step in the reform of the power industry should aim to establish an effective electricity market, deepen the reform of ＂vertical split＂, reduce monopoly power of downstream sector. In addition, an independent, profes- sional regulatory agency should be established as soon as possible.