浅论我国穆斯林习惯法——以“口唤”制度为中心的考察

On Customary Laws of Muslims in China——Study based on Idhn System

我国的穆斯林习惯法是规范和调整穆斯林之间民事行为和关系的重要之"法"。《古兰经》《圣训》里的"主命"概念、亲权观念和夫权意识等法文化内容塑造了我国穆斯林习惯法的一些具体制度,"口唤"制度即为其中典型一例。"口唤"制度是我国穆斯林基于伊斯兰教信仰而形成的一种通过"许可"或"命令"的方式来调整民事关系领域内人们之间权利和义务的习惯法。"口唤"制度在西北民族地区各族穆斯林的日常生活中发挥着重要的作用,而以"口唤"制度为代表的我国穆斯林习惯法应当在国家法律的框架内充分发挥积极作用,避免消极影响,并进一步中国化,从而为推动西北民族地区的社会稳定与发展做出应有的贡献。

In China customary laws of Muslims are key laws to regulate and adjust civil behavior and relationship of Muslims. In Quran and Hadith, the legal and cultural contents such as the concept of fard, paternity power and husband power has shaped the specific systems of customary Muslims laws in China, and Idhn System is a typical one. Idhn System has developed on the basis of Islamic belief, is a customary law regulating rights and duties among Chinese Muslims in the field of civil relationship through ＂permission＂ and ＂commands＂ etc. Idhn System plays an important role in daily life of Mus- lims of various ethnic group in Northwest China. The customary laws of Chinese Muslims such as Idhn System should play a full and positive role in the framework of state laws, should eliminate their negative influence and further Chinization so as to contribute to the promotion of the social stability and development in Northwest China