我国建设一流大学的历程及展望——基于国家历次高等教育重大战略举措的分析

The Process and Prospect of Constructing the First-rate Universities in China:Analysis Based on the Significant Strategies of Higher Education in China

"211工程""985工程"的实施,使我国的一流大学建设形成了以重点建设求突破、以学科建设为核心、以资金投入为主要支持方式、以提高质量为内涵的路径。以"2011计划"和"双一流"战略为拐点,我国的一流大学建设又实现了建设程序从"先确定资格再建设"向"先建设再确定资格",建设内容从注重高校内部建设向注重高校内外部融合发展,建设标准从"偏重发达国家指标"向"彰显中国特色",以及建设效应从"局限于部分大学"向"力求辐射整个高等教育"的转变。

Owing to the implementation of ＂211 Project＂ and ＂985 Project＂, the construction of the first-rate universities in China has followed a path with key project construction as the breakthrough, disciplinary con- struction as the core, funding as the major supporting method and the quality improvement as the connota- tion. With ＂2011 Plan＂ and ＂Double First-rate＂ as the turning point, the first class university construction has realized some transformations, i.e., in construction procedure, from ＂qualification approval before con- struction＂ to ＂construction before qualification approval＂; in construction content, from stressing the interior construction of higher educational institutions to the development integrating the interior with the external; in construction standards, from ＂stressing the standards of the developed countries＂ to ＂displaying Chinese style＂; and in construction effect, from ,being limited to a proportion of universities＂ to ＂endeavoring to ra- diate the whole higher education＂.