城市空间自相关特征及腹地空间格局研究——以福建省为例

Pattern of Spatial Autocorrelation among Cities and Spatial Pattern of Urban Hinterland:A Case of Fujian Province

通过构建城市综合实力指标体系,运用主成分分析与聚类分析测算了福建省67个县级城市的综合实力并将城市划分为4个等级。在GIS平台中,计算局部莫兰指数,采用GIS栅格分析方法,利用场强模型对不同等级的城市腹地进行了划分。结果表明:福建省城市综合实力空间自相关特征表现为中部沿海的大城市集聚和北部的小城市集聚;福建省场强分布与700m等高线分布特征基本一致,场强值分布呈现明显的"一主一次"双轴线特征,次一级城市空间格局与高一级城市场强空间分布特征高度相关,高等级城市腹地呈垂直于海岸线的带状分布;地级城市腹地与行政区面积相似,但范围存在大量彼此交叉;县级城市腹地与行政区差异较小,城市腹地间以并存关系为主。

Hinterland supplies resources for the economic activities of central cities, so a reasonable hinterland delimitation is very important to city＇s development. In this paper, complex components for calculating the urban comprehensive strength are selected. By means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis, this paper calculates the value of urban comprehensive strength of 67 cities in 2014 in Fujian province, and divided city hierarchy into four levels. With the support of ArcGIS software, we build the spatial weight matrix and calculate the local moran index. Then based on field-strength model, we adopt grid analysis method to delimitate hierarchical urban hinterland. The results show that： （1） the pattern of spatial autocorrelation is characterized by the agglomeration of big cities in middle part of the costal and the agglomeration of small cities in northern part. （2） the field strength distribution of Fujian province is basically identical with the feature of 700m contour distribution and low value of field strength always along with high elevation. Two axes are clear observed in the distribution of field strength value. The strong axis refers to the line connecting Fuzhou and Xiamen, and the weak axis refer to the line connecting Shanghang and Nanping. Lower city＇ s spatial pattern has a high concordance with the feature of higher urban field strength distribution. （3） Zonal distribution of spatial pattern can be observed in first-level city and second-level urban hinterlands while third-level city and four-level urban hinterlands are evenly distributed. Similarity between hinterland areas and administrative areas of Prefecture cities is relatively high while the scope of this two cross each other. The hinterland of county-cities shows almost no difference when compared with administrative divisions of Fujian Province except Zhangzhou.