T-JIT环境下企业供应链中采购管理供应商选择和订单分配

Supplier Selection and Order Allocation of Purchasing Management for Enterprise Supply Chain in T-JIT Environment

随着经济和社会的迅猛发展,企业之间的竞争主要体现在供应链之间的竞争。供应链可分为计划、采购、制造、配送和退货5大部分,而采购管理是供应链间竞争的关键,是联系供应链企业成员中供应商和销售者的纽带,也是企业保持稳固发展的核心所在。为了对采购管理中供应商选择和订单分配问题进行优化,提高企业采购管理效率,以T-JIT拉式生产方式的企业环境为研究背景,首先,概括出了影响企业供应链管理的多目标因素,即信息共享成本、交货成本、库存成本、采购成本和质量成本。其次,采用数理统计理论和优化算法,借助MATLAB和lingo软件,构建了T-JIT环境下企业供应链中采购管理的两阶段分析法,即利用AHP-EM和TOPSIS法对阶段1进行供应商选择,应用阶段1中的权重采用多目标混合整数规划模型对阶段2进行订单分配研究。最后,依托实例,提出了信息共享率对供应商选择、订单分配和总成本的影响,得出T-JIT环境下对该问题的解决优于一般环境。该问题的研究对扩展供应链系统管理理论、提高企业供应链管理水平和增强企业核心竞争力具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。

With the rapid development of economy and society, competition among enterprises is mainly reflected in the competition of supply chains. Supply chain can be divided into 5 major parts： planning, purchasing, manufacturing, delivering, and returning. But the key part of the competition lies in the purchasing management, for which is not only the bond between sales and suppliers of the supply chain members but also the core to retain the steady development of the enterprise. To optimize the supplier selection and order allocation in purchasing management and improve their efficiency, backed up by enterprises of T- JIT pull-type producing model, first, we summarized the multi-objective factors that affect the supply chain management of enterprises, which includes information sharing cost, delivering cost, inventory cost, purchasing cost and quality cost. Second, adopting mathematical statistics theory and optimization algorithm, we built a two-stage analytical method for the purchasing management with help of MATLAB and lingo software, i. e. , using the AHP-EM and TOPSIS methods to select the suppliers in phase 1, and applying the weights produced in stage 1 and the multi-objective mixed integer programming model to study the order allocation in phase 2. At last, based on an example, we put forward the impact of information sharing rate on supplier selection, order allocation and total cost. It is concluded that the solution to this problem in T-JIT environment is better than that in the general environment. The study of this issue has important theoretical and practical significance to extend the supply chain system management theory, improve the enterprise supply chain management level and enhance the enterprise core competitiveness.