新疆若羌县与且末县抗逆农作物种质资源调查

Investigation of Stress-tolerant Crop Germplasm Resources in Ruoqiang County and Qiemo County of Xinjiang Province

若羌县、且末县地处塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘,是新疆干旱半干旱生态区的典型代表,境内生态类型多样,气候干旱少雨、土壤次生盐渍化重,至今仍存在有一定规模的传统农业耕作模式,保留着丰富多样的抗逆农作物种质资源。本研究在农作物种质资源普查基础上,分析了两县的社会经济发展、农业生产及种植结构调整的演变规律;调查收集抗逆种质资源121份,隶属11科28属34种,分析评价了部分作物种质资源的抗逆性,以及与当地的生态条件、农业生产模式和百姓生活习惯的内在联系,探讨了主要农作物品种演替的阶段性变化,讨论了新疆干旱区抗逆农作物种质资源的收集、保护和利用问题。

Both Ruoqiang county and Qiemo county in the south margin of the Taklimakan Desert are typical examples of arid and semi-arid ecological region with ecological diversity, drought and less rain, and soil secondary salinization in Xinjiang. To date there have retained lots of traditional farming patterns, and abundant stress resistance crops germplasm resources. The investigation and collection of stress-tolerant crop germplasm resources were carried out in the counties. The 121 samples were collected in the survey which belonged to 11 families,28 genus and 34 species, and the periodic change of the social development, the agricultural production and the succession of crop varieties was analysed. Furthermore, the collection, conservation and utilization of crop germplasm resources in the arid and semi-arid area of Xinjiang were also discussed in the paper.