国家义务构造论的功能主义建构

From Content to Structure:Functionalism Construction of State Obligations Theory

国家义务是保障公民权利不可或缺的工具。确定国家义务内容主要诉诸基本权利功能、人权保障和规范主义3种路径。但以上路径过于强调国家义务内容的组成,从而带来理论层级设计混乱、语词选择不一、内部逻辑不明、理论功能不完善、整体性建构缺失等弊端。欲解决以上诸问题,层级化、递进式的国家义务构造理论为可行方案。其中,自由权向社会权的转向决定其实质内容,需求层次理论形塑内部层级结构,而融贯体系化和系统构造论则提供外部理论支持。功能主义系统论和内容理论的积淀最终建构了以尊重、保护和给付为基本要素的"二元三层次多位阶"的国家义务构造论。

The state obligations are an indispensable means for civil rights protection. There are three ways to define the content of state obligations： fundamental rights function theory,guarantee of human rights and prescriptivism. But the above ways emphasize content so that that the State Obligations Theory have some deficiencies, such as chaotic hierarchical design, skimble-scamble word choice, undefined internal logic, incomplete function of theory and a lack of holistic construction. To solve the above-mentioned problems, a kind of stratified and progressive State Obligations Structure Theory scheme is feasible. In the theory,the swerve from liberties to social rights decides the flesh and blood, the hierarchy of needs theory shapes the internal hierarchical structure,coherent system and systematic construction theory offers external support. The functionalism system theory and the State Obligations Content Theory confirm the＂binary-triple-level-multi-rank＂State Obligations Structure Theory that features respect, protection and paying.