鹿角传奇:鹿石图像的种属辨识

The Mystery of Antlers:Genus Identification of the Deer Image on Deer Stone

鹿石是古代草原文化的标志性遗产,也是研究亚欧草原早期游牧民族历史的关键材料。而鹿石上动物图像的种属鉴定对理解鹿石的仪式功能和象征意义有不可替代的作用。但有关鹿图像所代表的自然种属,目前国内外似还缺乏专业鉴定,特别风格化一类的鹿图像。鹿角对鹿类种属鉴定有很强的指示意义,据此可知写实性的鹿形象绝大部分是成年的雄性驼鹿,个别是雄性马鹿。风格化的鹿图像则比较复杂,目前只能确认其角所代表的种属。根据每一通鹿石上不同鹿图像的空间位置、相互之间的结构布局,可以找出不同鹿图像其角部形态细部差异的空间原因,进而推导出这类鹿图像的一个基本原型,其它造型均是在此基础上因空间的需要而作相应的删简,这样所有风格化的鹿图像就比较明确——其鹿角很明显应是马鹿角的写照。结合鹿石图像其动物群所代表的生态分布,我们认为鹿石上的鹿图像主要是驼鹿、马鹿的映像,这可能与早期游牧民族的狩猎生计活动密切关联。

Deer Stone is the symbol of the ancient Steppes culture, also is the key materials to study the history of early Eurasian steppe nomads. And species identification to those animal images to understanding the ritual function and symbolic meaning of Deer Stone his an irreplaceable role. But professional zooarchaeological identification is basi- cally a blank, especially to the stylized deer image. Antler has a strong indication to identification of deer species. According on antler morphology, the vast majority of realistic deer image represent adult male moose, and a few is male red deer. Stylized deer image is more complicated. According to the different space location to each deer image and the structure layout between each other on each Deer stone, can find out the space reasons of the differences in detail to each antlers image, then deduces the basic form about stylized deer image, Obviously, all the stylized antlers represent red deer anders. According to the ecological distribution represented by fauna on behalf of the animal image on Deer stone, we think the deer image on Deer stone is moose and red deer, which may be closely related to early nomadic hunting activities.