高等教育研究中的马太效应及其应对策略

Matthew Effect in Higher Education and Academic Research

马太效应指好的愈好、坏的愈坏、多的愈多、少的愈少的现象。近年来,关注马太效应的探讨逐渐扩展至高等教育学的诸多领域,但是目前研究成果尚不成熟。在系统梳理了高等教育研究中马太效应的表现形式、作用机制及其影响的基础上,该文以欧洲高等教育研究("第四十一席"现象)及美国高等教育体系(教育背景与教育公平)为例,刻画出马太效应在高等教育研究中的具体体现。最后,探讨了高等教育研究中马太效应的抵消机制和应对策略。

Matthew effect is prevalent in almost every academic discipline, especially in the field of education. This paper investigates the main content and mechanism of Matthew effect in education based on Merton and Zuckerman＇ original researches. The authors then link the forty-one-phenomenon with research subject to form a comprehensive understanding of Matthew effect. This paper studies the impact of Matthew effect on higher education and researches, and investigates this effect from a brand new perspective of feminism. As a matter of fact, the unlimited expansion of the Matthew effect will erode the justice and development of higher education and academic research. Therefore, in the last section, the author discusses the possible mechanism to control and offset the negative effect of the Matthew effect.