Regional Differentiation and Classification for Carrying Constraints on the Resources and Environment of China

我国资源环境承载约束地域分异及类型划分（英文）

Research on the relationship between national resource constraint-region types and environmental carrying capacity is essential for the continued development of Chinese industrialization and urbanization.Thus,utilizing a series of key indexes including the per-capita potential of available land resources,the per-capita potential of available water resources,the degree of environmental stress,and the degree of ecological restriction,a step-by-step,integrated measuring method is presented here to understand the constrained carrying elements of water and land resources as well as environment and ecology.Spatial differences are analyzed and area types classified at the county level across China.Results reveal that：（1）Almost 90%of China is strongly constrained by both resources and the environment,while nearly 50%of national territory is strongly constrained by two elements,especially in areas of intensive population and industry to the east of the Helan-Longmen Mountain line;（2）Densely populated areas of eastern and central China,as well as on the Tibetan Plateau,are strongly constrained by a shortage of land resources,while North China,the northwest,northeast,the Sichuan basin,and some southern cities are experiencing strong constraints because of water shortages.In contrast,the North China plain,the Yangtze River delta,northern Jiangsu,Sichuan province,Chongqing municipality,Guizhou and Guangxi provinces,the northeast plain,and the northern Loess Plateau are constrained by high levels of environmental stress.Areas of China that are strongly ecologically constrained tend to be concentrated to the southwest of the Tianshan-Dabie Mountain line,as well as in the northeast on the Loess Plateau,in the Alashan of Inner Mongolia,in northeast China,and in the northern Jiangsu coastal area;（3）Constraints on national resources and environmental carrying capacity are diverse and cross-cut China,meanwhile,multi-element spatial distribution does reveal a degree of relative centralization.With the exception of the Tibetan Plateau which is resources-ecological constraint,other areas subject to cross constraints are mainly concentrated to the east of the Helan-Longmen Mountain line.

开展资源环境承载约束地域类型研究是推进我国工业化和城镇化发展的重要基础工作之一。本文以人均可利用土地资源潜力、人均可利用水资源潜力、环境胁迫度、生态制约度为关键指标,通过构建分步式或集成式测算方法,按县级单元分别对我国水、土、环境和生态等资源环境要素的承载约束进行了测算、空间差异分析和地域类型划分。结果表明:(1)我国有近90%的国土已处于资源环境的强约束状态,其中近半受到双要素的强约束,且主要分布在贺兰山-龙门山线以东的人口产业密集区。(2)我国东、中部人口密集地区以及青藏高原已处于土地资源缺乏的强约束状态;华北、西北、东北、四川盆地以及南方城市地区已处于水资源缺乏的强约束状态;华北平原、长三角及苏北、川渝黔桂省区、东北平原、黄土高原地区北部等地已达到环境胁迫强约束程度;生态强约束区域主要集中在天山-大别山线的西南部,该线东北部的黄土高原、阿拉善盟、东北周边及苏北沿海也有成片分布。(3)资源环境承载约束的要素交叉类型多样,多要素约束类型空间分布相对集中,除青藏高原为土地-生态约束类型外,其它交叉约束类型主要集中在贺兰山-龙门山线以东地区。