论福克纳小说《熊》的生态伦理观念

Ecological ethics in William Faulkner's Bear

《去吧,摩西》中的短篇小说《熊》在看似简单明晰的文本背后,蕴含着丰富的生态伦理观念。尤其是带有强烈议论性质的第四部分,其叙事不仅暗示了小说审美风格的转变,而且体现了福克纳小说人学救赎观念与生态伦理思想的交汇融合。强调自然生态环境是人存在的重要组成部分,表达对自然生态环境宗教般虔诚的敬畏情怀构成了小说《熊》的生态伦理观念的第一层内涵。强烈批判人类中心主义思想和现代工业文明对荒野和自然的破坏,深化宗教人学意义上的罪恶与救赎的观念构成了《熊》生态伦理观念的第二层内涵。此外,《熊》还传达出了福克纳强烈的拯救与重建人的本质的愿望。

Behind the concise and distinct text, the short stocy Bear in Go Down, Moses implies ample ecological ethics conceptions. Especially the narration of the fourth part with strong argumentation not only implies the transition of aesthetic style, but also constitutes Faulkner＇ s key part of ecological ethics conceptions and human salvation conceptions. To emphasize that natural eco-environment is an important part of human existence and to express the devout respecfful feeling to natural eco-environment as well as religion, compose the first connotation of ecological ethics in the fiction Bear; to strongly criticize anthropocentric conceptions and modern industrial civilization that destroy the wilderness and nature and to deepen the conceptions of evil and salvation from perspective of religious human thoughts, compose the second connotation of ecological ethics conceptions. Besides, the fiction Bear expresses Faulkner＇s strong wishes to rescue and rebuild human essence.