老年精神病患者便秘的回顾性分析及护理对策

The retrospective analysis of constipation in elderly patients with mental illness and nursing countermeasures

目的分析老年精神病患者中便秘的患病率、表现形式及因素、便秘与精神病病情轻重的相关性以及与糖尿病、高血压和睡眠障碍的相关性。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷回顾性分析182例老年精神病患者的临床资料,分为便秘组与非便秘组。比较两组合并糖尿病、高血压、睡眠障碍的差异。结果老年精神病患者中便秘的患病率较高(65.38%);便秘的主要表现形式是:大便干燥硬结、排便困难、里急后重、排便时肛门阻塞感;主要因素为:药物因素、器质性疾病、精神症状、饮食因素、生活习惯;两组精神病病情的轻重差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且便秘与老年精神病病情轻重相关(P<0.05)。两组之间合并高血压及睡眠障碍的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),合并糖尿病的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年精神病患者中便秘的患病率较高,且便秘与精神病的病情轻重相关。老年精神病便秘患者更容易合并高血压、睡眠障碍。

Objective To analyse the prevalence rate, pattern and causes of constipation in elder mental patients, the correlation between constipation and severity of mental disease and the correlation between constipation and diabetes, hypertension and sleep disorders.Methods The clinical data of 182 mental patients were reviewed retrospectively using self-designed questionnaire and divided into constipation group and non-constipation group. The difference of combining with diabetes, hypertension and sleep disorders between the two groups were compared. The comparison of the categorical variables between the two groups was done by chi square test or rank sum test. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis.P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The prevalence of constipation in elder mental patients was high（65.38%）. The patterns of constipation were hard drying, difficult defecation, tenesmus and obstruct feeling. And, the causes of constipation were pharmaceutical factors, organic diseases, psychiatric factors, dietetic factors, habits and customs. The severity of mental disease of elder mental patients with constipation were greater than that of elder mental patients without constipation（P〈0.05）, and constipation was related to mental disease（P〈0.05）. The combining with hypertension and sleep disorders were different between the two groups（all P〈0.05）. But there was no different between the two groups combining with diabetes（P〈0.05）.Conclusion There were high rates of constipation in elder mental patients. And constipation was related to mental disease. The elder mental patients with constipation were more likely to suffer from hypertension and sleep disorders.