“直”和“礼”的“中庸”——孔子之“仁”再辨证

Golden Mean between “Zhi(直)” and “Li(礼)”:Reanalyzing about Confucius’ “Ren(仁)”

孔子或《论语》思想的核心范畴是＂仁＂,但＂仁＂的内涵究竟是什么,论者向有分歧。结合对相关概念的考释,批判性地考察杨伯峻、冯友兰等对孔子之＂仁＂的解读,可以揭示出孔子所谓＂仁＂即是＂直＂和＂礼＂的＂中庸＂;由于现实原因,孔子虽然重视＂直＂,但没有充分展开论述,而是更多地讨论了＂仁＂和＂礼＂,所以＂直＂在以往的研究中也没有受到足够的关注,且往往被混淆于＂仁＂。然而,倘若真正把握了＂仁＂的结构性内涵,尤其是注意到＂直＂在其中的基础位置,则不仅能够准确地理解孔子或《论语》的＂一以贯之＂之＂道＂,而且有助于认识孔子及其思想在中国思想史和文化史上的特别意义。

＂Ren（ 仁） ＂is considered the kernel concept of Confucius and The Analects,but scholars have no common view on its meaning. This dissertation has critically reanalyzed the interpretation of several scholars such as Yang Bojun（ 杨伯峻） and Feng Youlan（ 冯友兰）on it,and revealed its meaning as the golden mean between ＂Zhi（ 直） ＂and ＂Li（ 礼） ＂.Because of pratical reasons,Confucius attached importance to ＂Zhi（ 直） ＂,but discussed more about ＂Ren（ 仁） ＂and ＂Li（ 礼） ＂,and most researchers didn＇t pay enough attention to ＂Zhi（直）＂,or confused it with＂Ren（仁）＂. If we know well about the structural meaning of ＂Ren（仁）＂and the basical location of＂Zhi（直）＂therein,we will understand the consistent axiom of Confucius and The Analects precisely,and it will contribute to realize the special significance of Confucius and his thought in Chinese intellectual and cultural history.