7个马铃薯新品系的主要农艺性状与营养品质及其细胞学和SSR分析

Main Agronomic Characters,Nutritional Quality,Cytology and SSR Analysis of the Seven Superior New Strains of Potato

为了明确从3个马铃薯杂交组合F1代分离群体中选育出的7个马铃薯新品系(NMS-A42、NMS-A187、NMS-A217、NMS-B53、NMS-B107、NMS-B327和NMS-C92)的主要农艺性状、分子和细胞遗传学差异,并为进一步新品种的育成登记与推广提供依据。该试验以5个亲本材料为对照,对7个新品系块茎的单株产量、商品薯率、营养品质、熟性、花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMⅠ)染色体配对行为、花粉育性及SSR指纹特征等进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)NMS-A42的干物质和淀粉含量(24.15%和18.72%)显著高于其他6个品系,为全粉加工型新品系;NMS-B107为高花青素含量(319.49mg/kg)新品系;NMS-B327花青素含量(100.22mg/kg)较高,为彩薯新品系;其余4个新品系均为鲜食型。(2)NMS-B327为中早熟型品系,NMS-C92为晚熟型品系,其余5个新品系均为中熟型。(3)各品系平均单株产量和商品薯率变幅分别为1.02~1.84kg和81.10%~94.36%,且品系NMSB327均为最高;可育花粉率变幅为48.82%~87.69%,且以NMS-A42最低,NMS-B107最高。(4)7个新品系的染色体配对构型分别为:6.57Ⅰ+9.66Ⅱ+5.06Ⅲ+1.74Ⅳ、5.38Ⅰ+8.98Ⅱ+4.63Ⅲ+2.69Ⅳ、4.05Ⅰ+15.54Ⅱ+2.12Ⅲ+1.63Ⅳ、4.55Ⅰ+12.12Ⅱ+2.39Ⅲ+3.01Ⅳ、1.93Ⅰ+11.52Ⅱ+2.0Ⅲ+4.26Ⅳ、4.37Ⅰ+9.97Ⅱ+3.19Ⅲ+3.53Ⅳ和6.08Ⅰ+7.6Ⅱ+3.4Ⅲ+4.13Ⅳ。(5)从55对SSR引物中选出条带清晰、多态性丰富、重复性好的3对特异性引物(S25、S118和S153),PCR扩增建立了能清晰识别7个新品系和其亲本材料的SSR指纹图。研究发现,7个马铃薯优良新品系的块茎芽眼浅、薯形美观、结薯集中整齐,其熟性、产量、商品薯率和营养品质等性状表现各有特点,具有较高的应用价值。

Sevennewpotatostrains（NMS-A42,NMS-A187,NMS-A217,NMS-B53,NMS-B107,NMS-B327andNMS-C92）selected from F1 segregating populations of three potato cross combinations.In orderto clarify the differences of main characters,molecular and cellular genetics among them,with potato pa-rental materials as control,we compared and analyzed the traits of the seven new strains,include yield,commercial potato rate,nutritional quality,maturity,PMCM Ⅰchromosome pairing behavior,pollen fer-tility and SSR fingerprint characteristics.This will provide the basis for further breeding and registration of new potato varieties.The results showed that：（1）NMS-A42 was the new strain of powder processing with high dry-matter content,NMS-B107was the new strain with high anthocyanin content,NMS-B327was colored potato new strain,and other new strains were all fresh-eating potato.（2）The new strain NMS-B327was mid-early matured,NMS-C92was late-matured,and other strains were mid-matured.（3）The average single plant yield of all the strains ranged from1.02 kg to 1.84kg,and the commodity potato rate ranged from81.10%to94.36%,of which the strain NMS-B327was the highest.The fertile pollen rate ranged from48.82%to87.69%,of which the strain NMS-A42 was the lowest,and the strain NMS-B107was the highest.（4）The chromosome pairing configuration of the seven new strains NMS-A42,NMS-A187,NMS-A217,NMS-B53,NMS-B107,NMS-B327and NMS-C92 were 6.57Ⅰ ＋ 9.66Ⅱ ＋5.06Ⅲ ＋1.74Ⅳ,5.38Ⅰ＋8.98Ⅱ ＋4.63Ⅲ ＋2.69Ⅳ,4.05Ⅰ ＋15.54Ⅱ ＋2.12Ⅲ ＋1.63Ⅳ,4.55Ⅰ ＋12.12Ⅱ ＋2.39Ⅲ ＋3.01Ⅳ,1.93Ⅰ ＋11.52Ⅱ ＋2.0Ⅲ ＋4.26Ⅳ,4.37Ⅰ ＋9.97Ⅱ ＋3.19Ⅲ ＋3.53Ⅳ and 6.08Ⅰ ＋7.6Ⅱ ＋3.4Ⅲ ＋4.13Ⅳ,respectively.（5）Atotal of three suitable SSR primers,S25,S118and S153,which were clear,polymorphic and reproducible,were selected from 55SSR primers.The SSR fingerprint was constructed by PCR amplification,which could clearly identify 7 new strains and their parents.The study suggested that the seven excellent new potato strains were shallow eyes,good shaped,concentrated and tidy,and the traits of maturity,yield,commercial potato rate and nutritional quality had their own characteristics.They have high application value.