汉语完整体悖论成因分析

Perfective Paradox in Mandarin Chinese

汉语完结情状与词尾"了"连用时,不仅有"完结解读",而且还有"中止解读",这种现象被称为"完整体悖论"。本文在生成语法框架内对汉语的"完整体悖论"现象进行了解释,认为该现象是作为视点体标记的词尾"了"与动词短语所携带的事件性特征<ie>和<fe>相互作用的结果。通常情况下,词尾"了"作用于<ie>和<fe>两个特征,将情状的起始点和终结点均置于话题时间内,产生完结解读,当语境否定结果的达成时,词尾"了"仅作用于<ie>特征,将情状的起始点置于话题时间内,产生中止解读。

When an accomplishment- denoting phrase in Mandarin Chinese co- occurs with the verbal le, two readings may arise： completive reading and terminative reading. This is called the perfective paradox. This paper provides an explanation of the ＂perfective paradox＂ in Chinese within the generative framework, arguing that the phenomenon is caused by the interaction between the verbal le, serving as a viewpoint aspect marker, and 〈ie〉 and 〈fe〉, the eventive features that the verb phrase denoting the accomplishment situation carries. Normally, the verbal le operates on both the 〈ie〉 feature and the 〈fe〉 feature so that both the initial and the final endpoints of the situation are included in the topic time, resulting in a completive reading. When the context denies the attainment of the final endpoint of the situation, however, the verbal le only operates on the 〈ie〉 feature and the initial endpoint of the situation is thus included in the topic time, leading to a terminative reading.