制度安排、市场推动与中国工业民主的制度变迁

Institutional Arrangement,Market Drive and Institutional Change of China's Industrial Democracy

资方享有绝对权力来决定公司内部劳动实践是当前我国劳资关系的关键特征。由于劳动者缺少决定工资福利等劳资事务的话语权,工作场所利益争议往往演变成劳资群体性事件。市场经济国家劳资在不断博弈中逐步形成工业民主制度安排,这是其劳资关系持续稳定的基石。对我国而言,国有企业工业民主在很长的历史时期都是意识形态需要和政治制度安排的产物,或者说它更多是强制性变迁而非诱致性变迁的产物。随着公司治理理论的发展以及企业对经济效率的追求,在市场力量推动下,东南沿海地区的非公企业主动推行员工参与,形成工业民主的诱致性变迁。

The current laborcapital relation in China is characterized in that the employers have the absolute power to determine the internal labor practice in the enterprise. Interest disputes in workplace often turn into mass incidents since the employees lack the right to decide labor affairs, such as salary or welfare. In the market economy countries, industrial democracy, which has been gradually formed during continuous balance between the labor and the capital, acts as the foundation of the stable laborcapital relation. While in China, industrial democracy in the stateowned enterprises is the product of ideological need and institutional arrangement for a long historical period, or even the product of mandatory change rather than induced change. With the development of corporate governance theory and the pursuit of economic efficiency, the nonpublicowned enterprises in the southeast coastal areas, driven by the market, have taken the initiative to encourage the employees to involve in enterprise management, which has formed the induced change of China＇s industrial democracy.