《文献通考·经籍考》的分类渊源与归类调整——以子部为中心的考察

Classification Origin and Classified Adjustment of Wen Xian Tong Kao Jing Ji Kao——Centered within Zi Radical

《文献通考·经籍考》由于其辑录体的特殊体制决定其分类体系与书籍归类具有综合众家而折衷以己意的特征。通过对其子部书目文献的分析可知,马端临在《经籍考》中辑录前代书目的过程中进行的调整主要包括:分类体系中由分类项目的设置及其横向关系与纵向沿革造成的调整,以及书目归类中由分类者的主观视角与思想立场的差异造成的调整。通过分析历代目录与学术史,特别是与古籍目录的集大成者《四库总目提要》相对照可知,《经籍考》子部中对其分类类目与具体书籍的归类的调整往往是承上启下的重要一环,有其深层的学术背景,反映了思想文化的时代变迁。马端临敏锐地抓住了学术发展的脉搏,并最终形成了自己的一套完整的分类与归类体系。

The classification system and bibliographic classification of Wen Xian Tong Kao Jing Ji Kao have features of Comprehensive advantages and compromising because of its system of introductory note of collection.By analyzing bibliography of Zi Radical we can know that Ma Duanlin adjust classifications when compiling previous generation bibliography into Jing Ji Kao.First classification adjustments resulting from classification items settings and their marshalling sequence and horizontal relationship and longitudinal evolution in classification system.Secondly classification adjustments resulting from classifiers difference of subieetive views and ideological stand and human errors.Through analysis with all previous dynasties bibliography especially the epitome of bibliography of ancient books Si Ku Zong Mu Ti Yao,classification adjustments within Zi Radical of Jing Ji Kao is often a connecting link between the preceding and the following,and have their deep academic background,and reflects the changing times of ideology and culture.Ma Duanlin grasped the pulse of academic development,and finally formed out A complete set of classification origin and classified system.