城市空间结构对惠州市中心城区交通事故影响的时间差异分析

Temporally Impact of Urban Structure on City Traffic Accidents in Huizhou

利用惠州的交通事故数据,结合惠州的土地利用类型及重要设施的分布数据来探讨城市空间结构对交通事故的影响,使用Kernel核心密度法定性探讨交通事故密度的时空变化,把土地类型及重要设施抽象化为点空间要素,建立对数线性回归模型定量讨论城市空间结构对城市交通事故影响的时间差异。分析结果表明,在各个时期惠城区商业用地对交通事故的影响均很显著;工作地和车站对交通事故的影响主要体现在交通流高峰及消散期2个时间段内,但影响程度比商业用地低;在交通流次高峰时,交叉口和工作地的交互作用容易导致事故的高发;城市空间结构通过聚集人流或影响人们的出行等方式对交通事故的发生产生影响。

Nowadays, traffic accidents are key factors that influence the safety of residents′travel, and the urban structure, represented by the land use and important facilities in this study, plays a rather essential role in the happening of traffic accidents. Figuring out the impacts of urban structure on traffic accidents can provide references for government policies and residents′travel. However, the previous researches were rather qualitative or ignored the temporal characteristics of such spatial elements, which also failed to uncover the interacting effect between different spatial elements, and therefore it could not reveal the internal relations between spatial elements and urban traffic accidents. This study uses the Kernel Core Density method to discuss the spatio-temporal variation qualitatively by making use of the data of traffic accidents in Huizhou City. On this basis, it also adopts network-analysis unit to build a logarithm linear regression model to discuss the temporal disparity of spatial facilities' influencing on urban traffic accidents, with a purpose to further reveal the spatio-temporal relations between traffic accidents and their influencing factors. The study reveals that the layout of commercial facilities has significant impacts on traffic accidents for the whole day. The impacts of workplaces and stations having on traffic accidents mainly show in and after traffic rush hours, but the influence degree is lower than those of commercial facilities. Besides, the interaction between intersections and workplaces more easily leads to the occurring of accidents in the sub-rush hours. Urban structure has impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents by aggregating people or changing the way people travel. The conclusion of this research contributes to enrich the study of the relationship between urban structure and traffic accidents. Moreover, it also can be a reference for other similar studies.