肺癌早期诊断的新肿瘤标志研究

Research of new tumor biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer

肺癌是全世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,严重影响人类健康。早期诊断对肺癌治疗和预后至关重要,可显著减少病死率。血清标志在早期肺癌中的异常表达已成为肺癌早期诊断研究领域中最有前景的科学探索。目前,临床常用血清学标志包括癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(cytokeratin 19 fragment,CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)、胃泌素释放肽前体(pro-gastrin-releasing peptide,Pro-GRP)等。随着分子生物学和高通量技术平台的飞速发展,热休克蛋白90α亚型(heat shock protein 90α,HSP90α)、肺癌自身抗体、循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ct DNA)、微小RNA(micro RNA,mi RNA)、循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTC)等新型标志正不断涌现。本文主要围绕肺癌早期诊断的新肿瘤标志的功能和特点进行阐述。

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant worldwide,and one of common cause of camcer-related death,the most which seriously human health threaten.Early diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial to the good prognosis lung cancer,which can reduce the fatality rate significantly.Abnormal expression of markers in early lung cancer has become the most promising scientific exploration in the field of early diagnosis.At present,clinical serological markers of lung cancer include carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),neuron specific enolization enzyme(NSE)and cytokeratin19fragment(CYFRA21-1),carbohydrate antigen125(CA125),and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(Pro-GRP).With the rapid development of molecular biology and high-throughput technology platform,new biomarkers,such as heat shock protein90α(HSP90α),autoantibodies,circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),microRNA(miRNA),and circulating tumor cells(CTC)are emerging.This paper mainly focuses on the functions and characteristics of new tumor biomarkers in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.