摘要
Large quantities of ballast water discharge from ocean going ships in sea ports of China is one of the important factorswhich cause the spread of aquatic nonindigenous harmful species isolated geographically by waters,the deteriorating environment of the near-shore water area and the frequent outbreaks of red tides.In this paper,the total amount of the ballast water input estimation model for entry ships in Chinese ports was established.The information of foreign trade shipping and the import and export goods released publicly by the State Department of Transportation and the State General Administration of Customs were investigated.And then,the input features and its ecological environment risk of ballast water in China's offshore entry ships from2007to2012were analyzed based on the established total input amounts of ballast water from entry ships to Chinese sea ports together with the ballast water input ratio of the five major port-groups in China.The results show that:the total ballast water input amounts from entry ships of the five major port-groups in China are extremely imbalanced.The most developed Yangtze River Delta in economy has the biggest total ballast water input amounts,103.61million tons in2012.The second is the Circum-Bohai Sea Region(73.66million tons)and the third is the Pearl River Delta(67.24million tons).The total ballast water input amounts of the northwest and the southwest coastal areas are less,only16.57and5.71million tons respectively.The large quantity of entry ships’ballast water discharge has been an enormous threat to ecological environment of our country's sea areas,especially to economically developed regions.
远洋船舶压舱水在我国港口海域的大量排放是造成地理性隔离水体间外来海洋有害生物传播和近岸海域环境日益恶化、赤潮灾害频发的重要因素之一。本文基于中国港口入境船舶压舱水输入总量估算模型,通过调查国家交通运输部和国家海关总署公开发布的外贸航运及商品进出口信息,在确立中国港口入境船舶压舱水输入总量和中国五大港口群体压舱水输入比值的基础上,分析了2007年至2012年中国近海入境船舶压舱水的输入特征和环境生态风险。结果表明:我国五大港口群体入境船舶压舱水的输入总量极不平衡,经济最发达的长江三角洲区域输入的境外压舱水总量最多,2012年输入量为10 368万吨,其次是环渤海地区,为7 371万吨,珠江三角洲地区排第三位,为6 729万吨,东南沿海地区和西南沿海地区输入的压舱水总量较少,仅有1 659万吨和571万吨。入境船舶压舱水的大量排放对我国尤其是经济发达区域的港口海域生态环境构成了巨大的威胁。
