基因组原位杂交技术及其在园艺植物基因组研究中的应用

Research Progress of Genomic in situ Hybridization and the Application in Horticultural Plants

基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术可以鉴定植物多倍体物种起源、杂种亲本染色体来源和组成,分析栽培种与其近缘野生种的亲缘关系,研究减数分裂染色体行为等。基因组原位杂交包括多色基因组原位杂交、比较基因组原位杂交和自身基因组原位杂交等。基因组原位杂交技术的关键步骤是染色体制片、探针制备及长度优化、探针与封阻的浓度比例和杂交后洗脱强度。该文对近年来国内外有关基因组原位杂交技术的发展及其在园艺植物基因组研究中的应用现状进行了综述,并指出随着多种园艺植物全基因组的测定,未来应从基因组信息中寻找更多的染色体特异性标记,结合荧光显带及荧光原位杂交技术,为深入研究园艺植物的起源以及遗传关系鉴定等提供技术支持。

Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)has been used to discriminate the different ancestral genome donors in polyploids or hybrids,analyze the phylogenetic relationships between cultivar and wild relatives,and study chromosome behavior of meiosis in plants.GISH technology includes multi color genomic in situ hybridization(mc-GISH),comparative genomic in situ hybridization(cGISH),and self genomic in situ hybridization(self-GISH).Its key procedures contain chromosome preparation,probe preparation and length optimization,the concentration ratio of probe to blocking DNA,and stringency of post hybridization washes.This paper reviewed the research progress on the development of GISH and its utilization in horticultural plants,and summarized their promising application prospects.During the past several years,the complete genome sequences are available for horticultural plants such as grape,banana,pear,sweet orange,and cucumber.It is necessary for researchers to select more chromosomal specific markers from the whole genomic sequence.Combing with fluorescence banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technologies,GISH will become a powerful tool to further illustrate the origin and identify genetic relationship of horticultural plants.