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海洋沉积物/颗粒物在生源要素循环中的作用及生态学功能 被引量:19

Ecological functions and biogenic element cycling roles of marine sediment/particles
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摘要 海洋沉积物/颗粒物是生源要素循环过程中的关键源与汇,沉积物/颗粒物一方面是海水生源要素的主要归宿,生源要素从溶解态经复杂的生物-化学过程转变为颗粒态,颗粒物质再沉降形成沉积物,另一方面,海洋沉积物/颗粒物经过微生物-浮游动物-底栖生物作用分解形成溶解态的生源要素,并释放到海水中再次被浮游植物利用,进入下一轮循环,所以,海洋沉积物/颗粒物具有异常重要的生态学功能。浮游植物是海水溶解态生源要素的利用者和海源颗粒态生源要素的初始形成者,浮游动物通过摄食浮游植物或其他有机颗粒物可释放出溶解态生源要素或形成更大的颗粒物,颗粒物沉降后形成的沉积物又通过底栖生物摄食-扰动-破碎等过程将颗粒生源要素释放进入水体参与再循环。生态系统不同类群的生物在颗粒生源要素的释放-沉降中所起的作用不同而又相互关联,其中浮游动物-底栖生物的摄食与代谢、微生物参与的分解过程起着非常重要的作用。所以,海洋沉积物/颗粒物生态学功能研究作为支撑海洋环境和资源的持续利用的科学基础,已成为海洋科学的前沿领域,必将获得跨越发展。 The marine sediment/particles is the key sources and sinks of the biogenic elements in marine environments.On the one hand,the marine sediment/particles is the main sink of the biogenic elements,the biogenic elements from the dissolved state may be changed into particles by complex biochemical processes and the particulate matter can be settled to form sediments,on the other hand,marine sediment/particles can be decomposed by microorganisms-zooplankton-benthos and the biogenic elements released into seawater to be used again by phytoplankton.Therefore,the marine sediment/particles have the very important ecological functions.Phytoplankton is the absorptioner of dissolved biogenic elements in seawaters and the initial formationer of the particle biogenic elements.Zooplankton can also use dissolved biogenic elements or form larger particles by feeding on phytoplankton or other organic particulates,which plays a key role in the particulate biogenic element cycling.The particles can settle to sediments and release the biogenic elements into the water by the processes of feeding-disturbance-breakup of benthic organisms.The functions of different biological communities in ecosystems are different but interrelated in the mineralization processes of releasement and sedimentation of the biogenic elements in particulate.In particular,the ingestion and metabolism of zooplankton and benthos,and the decomposition process of microorganisms play very important role in the biogenic elements.Therefore,the research of marine sediment/particles ecological functions,as a support of the marine environment-resources sustainable use and the marine scientific frontier areas,will get the development by leaps and bounds.
作者 宋金明 李学刚 Song Jinming;Li Xuegang(Key laboratory of marine ecology and environmental sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)
出处 《海洋学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第10期1-13,共13页
基金 国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目"海洋生态环境变化的生物地球化学机制"(U1606404) 深海专项-深海典型生境生物多样性与生态系统(2016ASKJ14) 国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2015CB452901)
关键词 生态学功能 生源要素循环 微生物 浮游植物 浮游动物 底栖生物 海洋沉积物/颗粒物 ecological function biogenic element cycling microorganism phytoplankton zooplankton benthos marine sediment/particles
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