互联网发展与全球价值链嵌入——基于GVC指数的跨国经验研究

Development of Internet and Participant in the Global Value Chain: An Empirical Study by Multinational GVC Index

互联网推动生产模式和组织方式深刻变革,随着国际分工深化与中间产品贸易扩大,互联网对一国嵌入全球价值链的作用也愈来愈显著。为了探究国家层面互联网发展水平与全球价值链嵌入之间的关系,本文从专业化分工、服务嵌入及价值链竞争优势等视角分析两者关系的理论机制,基于OECD附加值贸易数据库的GVC指数,构建计量模型,考察互联网使用对各国嵌入全球价值链三个维度的影响。结果显示,互联网发展提升了各国GVC参与度,拓宽了GVC参与长度,并使各国在GVC中的最终需求距离有效缩短,而对OECD发达国家和非OECD发展中国家的影响程度存在差异。互联网发展对非OECD国家GVC参与的影响要明显强于OECD发达国家,但对GVC参与地位的影响要明显弱于OECD发达国家。本文最后指出,后发国家在进行全球价值链升级的过程中,应利用互联网做全球价值链的发现者、整合者和主导者,同时加强国内价值链与全球价值链的关联和对接,拓展全球价值链分工的广度和深度,提高国内贸易增加值比重,在不断适应全球价值链整合和重塑中实现升级。

The Internet changes the production and organization mode.With the deepening of international division of labor and the expansion of intermediate products trade,the Internet is becoming more and more important for a country seeking to upgrade along the global value chain.This study explores the relationship between the development of the Internet and the level of national participation in GVC,analyzing from perspectives such as the professional division of labor,service embedded in value chain and competitive advantage.Based on GVC index of OECD additional trade database,this study constructs a measurement model.Three dimensions are investigated concerning the effects of the Internet on countries embedding in global value chain.The results show that the development of the Internet enhance the national GVC participation,broaden the participation in length,and shortens the distance between final demands,though the effect is different between OECD and non-OECD countries.This study concludes by pointing out that in their path to upgrade in GVC,developing countries should utilize the Internet to discover,to integrate,and to take lead.They should also strengthen the association between GVC and NVC,increase the proportion of domestic trade added value,thus upgrade by constantly adapting to the remodeling of the global value chain.