含硫气田开发安全环保主要影响因素及应对措施

Main Factor Affecting Safety and Environmental Protection During Sour Gasfield Development and Countermeasures

我国含硫气田大多分布在海相碳酸盐岩地层中,具高温、高压、高产的特点,但由于其含硫化氢,导致在开发过程中存在诸多难题,且在安全环保方面尤为突出。为此,结合四川盆地东北部含硫气田勘探开发情况,有针对性地指出含硫天然气开发的主要安全环保威胁因素,重点对管道腐蚀、地灾破坏、危废处理、人为因素进行了探讨,并提出相应措施。研究认为:(1)修建分子筛脱水装置可把硫化氢与水混合产生的电化学腐蚀和硫化物腐蚀开裂降到最低;(2)站场选址避开地质灾害高发区,可沿等高线修建,其他条件相似的情况下,选择交通便利之地,同时制定地质灾害应急预案,备好应急物资;(3)做好危废物品的处理,特别是硫沉积、废脱硫剂、气田水的处理,降低环境危害性;(4)做好员工培训,提升意识与技能,严格对照操作规程、相关制度开展,最大限度地杜绝人的不安全行为。

In China,numerous sour gasfields with high temperature,pressure,and yield are often discovered in marine carbonate-rock formations.However,during field development,there are a lot of difficulties especially in safety and environmental protection due to H2S-bearing feature.So,based on the exploration and development of high sour gasfields in northeastern Sichuan Basin,we analyzed main threat to the safety and environmental protection,furthermore discussed some aspects of pipeline corrosion,geological hazard,dangerous goods and waste disposal,and artifacts.Finally many countermeasures were made,including(1)molecular sieve dewatering devices should be equipped with to minimize the cracking of both electrochemical etching produced by H2S mixing with water and H2S corrosion;(2)a station should be selected away from some areas with frequent geological hazards whereas built along contours or around certain districts with convenient transportation.Meanwhile,an emergency plan and emergency supplies should be made and prepared;(3)for sulfur deposits,waste desulfurizer,and gasfield water,these dangerous goods and waste disposal should be done well to minimize environmental risk;and(4)staff training should be conducted in order to raise the awareness and skill,and any operation should be strictly compliant with the standard,procedure,and system so as to root unsafe human behavior.