战前日本促进巴西移民运动的医疗卫生服务措施

Medical and Health Service Measures which Japan Promoted Immigrant to Brazil before the World War Ⅱ

从1895年通过《马关条约》掠取台湾之后,日本加快了海外殖民的步伐。1905年取得日俄战争胜利后,日本将巴西等南美地区视为“海外移民新天地”。为推动移民运动的发展,日本政府移民机关和民间各种移民组织相互配合,为移民巴西的日本民众提供各项服务。本文选取其中对日本殖民政策的推行有着特别意义的医疗卫生防疫服务加以剖析。基于日本人移民巴西后的健康和安全,日本政府非常重视调查巴西引发传染病和地方病的气候环境,并为移民提供相应的医疗卫生辅导,在远洋航行船中严格卫生和健康管理,在移民到达巴西后继续提供各种医疗卫生服务。这一移民保护政策及其服务措施的推行等足以证明,移民成为日本海外扩张的重要国策。

After Japan's plundering of Taiwan through the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895,Japan accelerated the pace of overseas colonization.And after winning the victory of the Japan-Russia War in 1905,Japan regarded Brazil and other South American regions as“new world of overseas immigrants.”In order to promote the development of the immigration movement,the Japanese government's immigration authorities and various civilian immigrant organizations cooperated to provide services to the Japanese people who immigrated to Brazil.This paper selects and analyzes the medical and epidemic prevention services that have special significance for the implementation of Japanese colonial policy.Based on the health and safety of Japanese immigrants to Brazil,the Japanese government attached great importance to investigate the Brazillian climate which could cause the infectious diseases and the endemic diseases,and provided corresponding medical and health counseling for immigrants.Hygiene and health managements were strictly implemented in oceangoing vessels.After the immigrants arrived in Brazil,Japanese government continued to provide a variety of health services.This immigration protection policy and the implementation of its service measures prove that immigration has become an important national policy for Japanese overseas expansion.