粤东柘林湾海洋牧场渔业资源增殖效果评估

Effect assessment of fishery resources proliferation in Zhelin Bay marine ranching in eastern Guangdong

为评价粤东柘林湾海洋牧场的建设效果,以环境卫星遥感和现场调查相结合的方法,对柘林湾海洋牧场建设前(2011年8月)和建设后(2013年8月)海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、叶绿素a质量浓度(chlorophyll a concentration,Chl a)、总渔获物的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)、生物多样性、底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度等进行了对比分析。结果表明,柘林湾海洋牧场建设后,海域氮磷比(N/P)接近16,Chl a质量浓度由海洋牧场建设前的7.5～12.3 mg·m^(-3)提高到建设后的10.4～16.2 mg·m^(-3)。总渔获物CPUE从2.1～5.5 kg·h^(-1)提高到5.8～14.5 kg·h^(-1)。鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和贝类的种类数分别增加了25种、3种、2种和3种,鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和贝类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)分别提高了0.5、0.4、0.1和1.0,底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度均有所增加。柘林湾海洋牧场的建设在一定程度上改善了渔业生境,对渔业资源的养护和增殖具有积极作用。

In order to assess the effects of the construction of Zhenlin Bay marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong,we compared the variation in sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a),catch per unit effort(CPUE),biodiversity,biomass and density of zoobenthos during the pre-(August,2011)and post-(August,2013)marine ranching in Zhelin Bay,based on satellite remote sensing and survey data.Results show that the N/P ratio was nearly 16,and Chl a increased from 7.5–12.3 mg·m^–3 to 10.4–16.2 mg·m^–3.CPUE increased from 2.1–5.5 kg·h^–1 to 5.8–14.5 kg·h^–1.The species number of fish,crustaceans,cephalopods and shellfish increased by 25,3,2 and 3,respectively.The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of fish,crustaceans,cephalopods and shellfish increased by 0.5,0.4,0.1 and 1.0,respectively.Both biomass and density of zoobenthos also increased.The construction of marine ranching in Zhelin Bay has restored the habitat to some extent,and played a positive role in the conservation and proliferation of fishery resources.