FDI抑制还是提升了城市的出口国内增加值率?——基于中国241个地级市数据研究

Does FDI Reduce or Increase the Cities' Domestic Value-Added Rate in Exports?——Research Based on Data of China's 241 Prefecture-level Cities

外商直接投资(FDI)是拉动中国经济发展的一个重要的力量,同时也是中国不断深入全球价值链的一个"敲门砖"。那么,外商直接投资对于出口国内增加值率(DVAR)到底起到了怎样的作用呢?本文试图从地级市层面出发,利用微观企业数据库来探讨外商直接投资对于出口国内增加值率的影响。通过对各个地级市层面出口国内增加值率的测算,发现在地区分布上,外资进入水平高的城市DVAR反而比较低。从所有制类型来看,外商直接投资对城市的外资企业有促进的作用,但是对于本土企业却产生了抑制作用;从地域分布上看,外资进入在水平渠道上对本土企业的抑制作用在中西部地区表现得更为明显,而外商直接投资的促进作用则只在中部地区相对显著。这主要是由于对于不同地区和所有制类型而言,FDI的溢出效应取决于其正向的示范和人员培训效应等与负向的竞争效应的制衡。因此,优化引进外资结构和促进本土企业的产业升级显得尤为重要。

Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) has always been an important force which drives China’s economic development,and it is also a knock-and-click for China to have a continuous penetration into the global value chain.How does FDI effect DVAR? This paper attempts to explore the impact of foreign direct investment on the domestic value-added rate in exports from the prefecture-level market level,using the micro-level enterprise data.Through the calculation of prefecture-level cities’ domestic value-added rate,it is found that the DVARs of cities with high foreign investment level is relatively low.In terms of ownership type,foreign direct investment has a promoting effect on foreign-funded enterprises in cities. However,for the local enterprises in the city,it has a kind of inverted U-shaped effect which means the influence of FDI has its ceiling.In terms of geographical distribution,the inhibition of foreign investment on local enterprises reflected in the central and western regions is more obvious,meanwhile the promotion of foreign direct investment is only relatively significant in the central region.This is because the spillover effect of FDI depends on the tradeoff between its positive effects such as the demonstration and the personnel training effect and the negative competition effects.Therefore,optimizing the structure of foreign investment and promoting the upgrading of local enterprises are of great importance.