Legal Control over Big Data Criminal Investigation

大数据侦查的法律控制（英文）

The rapid growth of big data technology has become a major trend affecting the pattern of world development.Big data criminal investigation is a new type of criminal detection used extensively in the course of police practice at home and abroad.Its emergence indicates a trend in criminal justice towards ensuring security at the expense of privacy and exchanging rights for information.Big data criminal investigation highlights the backwardness and dysfunction of the traditional framework of legal norms,evident in doubts about the legal attributes of such investigation and the obvious limitations of techniques for distinguishing data content from metadata.This leaves a vacuum in the regulation of investigative power at the preliminary stage of investigation.Big data criminal investigation itself is a doubleedge sword;in order to forestall the possible abuses it may entail in terms of deep and broad interventions in basic civil rights,big data criminal investigation should be brought under the necessary legal control.We therefore propose adopting a dual regulatory approach comprising investigative and data norms,selectively adopting the traditional normative framework of the principle of legality and the principle of proportionality,and at the same time supplementing it with other legal principles and mechanisms concerning the protection of personal information and data.

大数据技术的迅猛发展已经成为影响世界发展格局的大趋势。大数据侦查是在大数据技术广泛应用于中外警务实践过程中出现的一类新型侦查措施,其兴起体现了用隐私换安全、用信息换权利的刑事司法发展趋势。大数据侦查突显了传统法律规范框架的滞后与失灵,表现为大数据侦查的法律属性存疑、区分数据内容与元数据的做法存在明显局限性、形成侦查初期侦查权规制的真空地带。大数据侦查本身是双刃剑,为防范其可能带来的弊端,从干预公民基本权利的深度与广度视角观之,应当对大数据侦查施加必要的法律控制。建议实行“侦查规范+数据规范”双重规制路径,有选择性地引入合法性原则与比例原则的传统规范框架,同时辅之以个人信息、数据保护方面的部分法律原则与机制。